{"id":761,"date":"2018-07-27T15:17:01","date_gmt":"2018-07-27T20:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wrolf.net\/blog\/?p=761"},"modified":"2019-03-24T04:57:50","modified_gmt":"2019-03-24T08:57:50","slug":"198-methods-of-nonviolent-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wrolf.net\/blog\/198-methods-of-nonviolent-action\/","title":{"rendered":"198 Methods of Nonviolent Action"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From Gene Sharp&#8217;s book Politics of Nonviolent Action by way of the <A HREF=\"https:\/\/www.aeinstein.org\/nonviolentaction\/198-methods-of-nonviolent-action\/\">Albert Einstein Institution<\/A>. Sharp carefully catalogs protests into 198 methods of non-violent action.<\/p>\n<p>Remarkably little has changed &#8211; Twitter campaigns are an addition to &#8220;Communications with a Wider Audience&#8221;. Any other updates please in comments.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0875580718\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&#038;camp=1789&#038;creative=9325&#038;creativeASIN=0875580718&#038;linkCode=as2&#038;tag=wrolfswreck&#038;linkId=e8751f0db6557ae41539bc9860446c9f\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?_encoding=UTF8&#038;MarketPlace=US&#038;ASIN=0875580718&#038;ServiceVersion=20070822&#038;ID=AsinImage&#038;WS=1&#038;Format=_SL160_&#038;tag=wrolfswreck\" ><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" align=\"right\" src=\"\/\/ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/ir?t=wrolfswreck&#038;l=am2&#038;o=1&#038;a=0875580718\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\" style=\"border:none !important; margin:0px !important;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Formal Statements<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Public Speeches<br \/>\n2. Letters of opposition or support<br \/>\n3. Declarations by organizations and institutions<br \/>\n4. Signed public statements<br \/>\n5. Declarations of indictment and intention<br \/>\n6. Group or mass petitions<\/p>\n<p><strong>Communications with a Wider Audience<\/strong><br \/>\n7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols<br \/>\n8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications<br \/>\n9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books<br \/>\n10. Newspapers and journals<br \/>\n11. Records, radio, and television<br \/>\n12. Skywriting and earthwriting<\/p>\n<p><strong>Group Representations<\/strong><br \/>\n13. Deputations<br \/>\n14. Mock awards<br \/>\n15. Group lobbying<br \/>\n16. Picketing<br \/>\n17. Mock elections<\/p>\n<p><strong>Symbolic Public Acts<\/strong><br \/>\n18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors<br \/>\n19. Wearing of symbols<br \/>\n20. Prayer and worship<br \/>\n21. Delivering symbolic objects<br \/>\n22. Protest disrobings<br \/>\n23. Destruction of own property<br \/>\n24. Symbolic lights<br \/>\n25. Displays of portraits<br \/>\n26. Paint as protest<br \/>\n27. New signs and names<br \/>\n28. Symbolic sounds<br \/>\n29. Symbolic reclamations<br \/>\n30. Rude gestures<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pressures on Individuals<\/strong><br \/>\n31. \u201cHaunting\u201d officials<br \/>\n32. Taunting officials<br \/>\n33. Fraternization<br \/>\n34. Vigils<\/p>\n<p><strong>Drama and Music<\/strong><br \/>\n35. Humorous skits and pranks<br \/>\n36. Performances of plays and music<br \/>\n37. Singing<\/p>\n<p><strong>Processions<\/strong><br \/>\n38. Marches<br \/>\n39. Parades<br \/>\n40. Religious processions<br \/>\n41. Pilgrimages<br \/>\n42. Motorcades<\/p>\n<p><strong>Honoring the Dead<\/strong><br \/>\n43. Political mourning<br \/>\n44. Mock funerals<br \/>\n45. Demonstrative funerals<br \/>\n46. Homage at burial places<\/p>\n<p><strong>Public Assemblies<\/strong><br \/>\n47. Assemblies of protest or support<br \/>\n48. Protest meetings<br \/>\n49. Camouflaged meetings of protest<br \/>\n50. Teach-ins<\/p>\n<p><strong>Withdrawal and Renunciation<\/strong><br \/>\n51. Walk-outs<br \/>\n52. Silence<br \/>\n53. Renouncing honors<br \/>\n54. Turning one\u2019s back<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ostracism of Persons<\/strong><br \/>\n55. Social boycott<br \/>\n56. Selective social boycott<br \/>\n57. Lysistratic nonaction<br \/>\n58. Excommunication<br \/>\n59. Interdict<\/p>\n<p><strong>Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions<\/strong><br \/>\n60. Suspension of social and sports activities<br \/>\n61. Boycott of social affairs<br \/>\n62. Student strike<br \/>\n63. Social disobedience<br \/>\n64. Withdrawal from social institutions<\/p>\n<p><strong>Withdrawal from the Social System<\/strong><br \/>\n65. Stay-at-home<br \/>\n66. Total personal noncooperation<br \/>\n67. \u201cFlight\u201d of workers<br \/>\n68. Sanctuary<br \/>\n69. Collective disappearance<br \/>\n70. Protest emigration (hijrat)<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actions by Consumers<\/strong><br \/>\n71. Consumers\u2019 boycott<br \/>\n72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods<br \/>\n73. Policy of austerity<br \/>\n74. Rent withholding<br \/>\n75. Refusal to rent<br \/>\n76. National consumers\u2019 boycott<br \/>\n77. International consumers\u2019 boycott<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action by Workers and Producers<\/strong><br \/>\n78. Workmen\u2019s boycott<br \/>\n79. Producers\u2019 boycott<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action by Middlemen<\/strong><br \/>\n80. Suppliers\u2019 and handlers\u2019 boycott<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action by Owners and Management<\/strong><br \/>\n81. Traders\u2019 boycott<br \/>\n82. Refusal to let or sell property<br \/>\n83. Lockout<br \/>\n84. Refusal of industrial assistance<br \/>\n85. Merchants\u2019 \u201cgeneral strike\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action by Holders of Financial Resources<\/strong><br \/>\n86. Withdrawal of bank deposits<br \/>\n87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments<br \/>\n88. Refusal to pay debts or interest<br \/>\n89. Severance of funds and credit<br \/>\n90. Revenue refusal<br \/>\n91. Refusal of a government\u2019s money<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action by Governments<\/strong><br \/>\n92. Domestic embargo<br \/>\n93. Blacklisting of traders<br \/>\n94. International sellers\u2019 embargo<br \/>\n95. International buyers\u2019 embargo<br \/>\n96. International trade embargo<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: <i>THE STRIKE<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Symbolic Strikes<\/strong><br \/>\n97. Protest strike<br \/>\n98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agricultural Strikes<\/strong><br \/>\n99. Peasant strike<br \/>\n100. Farm Workers\u2019 strike<\/p>\n<p><strong>Strikes by Special Groups<\/strong><br \/>\n101. Refusal of impressed labor<br \/>\n102. Prisoners\u2019 strike<br \/>\n103. Craft strike<br \/>\n104. Professional strike<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ordinary Industrial Strikes<\/strong><br \/>\n105. Establishment strike<br \/>\n106. Industry strike<br \/>\n107. Sympathetic strike<\/p>\n<p><strong>Restricted Strikes<\/strong><br \/>\n108. Detailed strike<br \/>\n109. Bumper strike<br \/>\n110. Slowdown strike<br \/>\n111. Working-to-rule strike<br \/>\n112. Reporting \u201csick\u201d (sick-in)<br \/>\n113. Strike by resignation<br \/>\n114. Limited strike<br \/>\n115. Selective strike<\/p>\n<p><strong>Multi-Industry Strikes<\/strong><br \/>\n116. Generalized strike<br \/>\n117. General strike<\/p>\n<p><strong>Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures<\/strong><br \/>\n118. Hartal<br \/>\n119. Economic shutdown<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rejection of Authority<\/strong><br \/>\n120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance<br \/>\n121. Refusal of public support<br \/>\n122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance<\/p>\n<p><strong>Citizens\u2019 Noncooperation with Government<\/strong><br \/>\n123. Boycott of legislative bodies<br \/>\n124. Boycott of elections<br \/>\n125. Boycott of government employment and positions<br \/>\n126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies<br \/>\n127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions<br \/>\n128. Boycott of government-supported organizations<br \/>\n129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents<br \/>\n130. Removal of own signs and placemarks<br \/>\n131. Refusal to accept appointed officials<br \/>\n132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions<\/p>\n<p><strong>Citizens\u2019 Alternatives to Obedience<\/strong><br \/>\n133. Reluctant and slow compliance<br \/>\n134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision<br \/>\n135. Popular nonobedience<br \/>\n136. Disguised disobedience<br \/>\n137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse<br \/>\n138. Sitdown<br \/>\n139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation<br \/>\n140. Hiding, escape, and false identities<br \/>\n141. Civil disobedience of \u201cillegitimate\u201d laws<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action by Government Personnel<\/strong><br \/>\n142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides<br \/>\n143. Blocking of lines of command and information<br \/>\n144. Stalling and obstruction<br \/>\n145. General administrative noncooperation<\/p>\n<p>146. Judicial noncooperation<br \/>\n147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents<br \/>\n148. Mutiny<\/p>\n<p><strong>Domestic Governmental Action<\/strong><br \/>\n149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays<br \/>\n150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units<\/p>\n<p><strong>International Governmental Action<\/strong><br \/>\n151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations<br \/>\n152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events<br \/>\n153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition<br \/>\n154. Severance of diplomatic relations<br \/>\n155. Withdrawal from international organizations<br \/>\n156. Refusal of membership in international bodies<br \/>\n157. Expulsion from international organizations<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Psychological Intervention<\/strong><br \/>\n158. Self-exposure to the elements<br \/>\n159. The fast<br \/>\na) Fast of moral pressure<br \/>\nb) Hunger strike<br \/>\nc) Satyagrahic fast<br \/>\n160. Reverse trial<br \/>\n161. Nonviolent harassment<\/p>\n<p><strong>Physical Intervention<\/strong><br \/>\n162. Sit-in<br \/>\n163. Stand-in<br \/>\n164. Ride-in<br \/>\n165. Wade-in<br \/>\n166. Mill-in<br \/>\n167. Pray-in<br \/>\n168. Nonviolent raids<br \/>\n169. Nonviolent air raids<br \/>\n170. Nonviolent invasion<br \/>\n171. Nonviolent interjection<br \/>\n172. Nonviolent obstruction<br \/>\n173. Nonviolent occupation<\/p>\n<p><strong>Social Intervention<\/strong><br \/>\n174. Establishing new social patterns<br \/>\n175. Overloading of facilities<br \/>\n176. Stall-in<br \/>\n177. Speak-in<br \/>\n178. Guerrilla theater<br \/>\n179. Alternative social institutions<br \/>\n180. Alternative communication system<\/p>\n<p><strong>Economic Intervention<\/strong><br \/>\n181. Reverse strike<br \/>\n182. Stay-in strike<br \/>\n183. Nonviolent land seizure<br \/>\n184. Defiance of blockades<br \/>\n185. Politically motivated counterfeiting<br \/>\n186. Preclusive purchasing<br \/>\n187. Seizure of assets<br \/>\n188. Dumping<br \/>\n189. Selective patronage<br \/>\n190. Alternative markets<br \/>\n191. Alternative transportation systems<br \/>\n192. Alternative economic institutions<\/p>\n<p><strong>Political Intervention<\/strong><br \/>\n193. Overloading of administrative systems<br \/>\n194. Disclosing identities of secret agents<br \/>\n195. Seeking imprisonment<br \/>\n196. Civil disobedience of \u201cneutral\u201d laws<br \/>\n197. Work-on without collaboration<br \/>\n198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From Gene Sharp&#8217;s book Politics of Nonviolent Action by way of the Albert Einstein Institution. Sharp carefully catalogs protests into 198 methods of non-violent action. Remarkably little has changed &#8211; Twitter campaigns are an&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[123],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-handbook"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>198 Methods of Nonviolent Action &#8212; Road Trips and Resistance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wrolf.net\/blog\/198-methods-of-nonviolent-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"198 Methods of Nonviolent Action &#8212; Road Trips and Resistance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From Gene Sharp&#8217;s book Politics of Nonviolent Action by way of the Albert Einstein Institution. 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